Timo Kuosmanen
Professor, Management Science at Aalto University School of Business
Biography
Aalto University School of Business
Peer-reviewed scientific articles
Journal article-refereed, Original researchModeling joint production of multiple outputs in StoNED Directional distance function approach
Kuosmanen, Timo; Johnson, Andrew2017 in EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH (Elsevier Science B.V.)ISSN: 0377-2217Quality frontier of electricity distribution: Supply security, best practices, and underground cabling in Finland
Saastamoinen, Antti; Kuosmanen, Timo2016 in Energy economics (ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV)ISSN: 0140-9883A multiobjective exploratory procedure for regression model selection
Sinha, Ankur; Malo, Pekka; Kuosmanen, Timo2015 in JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND GRAPHICAL STATISTICS (American Statistical Association)ISSN: 1061-8600Best-practice benchmarking using clustering methods: Application to energy regulation
Dai, Xiaofeng; Kuosmanen, Timo2014 in OMEGA: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE (Elsevier BV)ISSN: 0305-0483Linear and nonlinear growth models for value-added assessment: an application to Spanish primary and secondary schools’ progress in reading comprehension
Lopez-Martin, Esther; Kuosmanen, Timo; Gaviria, Jose Luis2014 in EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT, EVALUATION AND ACCOUNTABILITY (Elsevier BV)ISSN: 2150-1939Is corruption grease, grit or a gamble?Corruption increases variance of productivity across countries
Saastamoinen, Antti; Kuosmanen, Timo2014 in APPLIED ECONOMICS (Routledge)ISSN: 0003-6846Intertemporal efficiency analysis of sales teams of a bank: Stochastic semi-nonparametric approach
Eskelinen, Juha; Kuosmanen, Timo2013 in JOURNAL OF BANKING AND FINANCE (Elsevier)ISSN: 0378-4266Stochastic non-convex envelopment of data: Applying isotonic regression to frontier estimation
Keshvari, Abolfazl; Kuosmanen, Timo2013 in EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH (Elsevier Science B.V.)ISSN: 0377-2217Modeling cumulative effects of nutrient surpluses in agricluture: a dynamic approach to material balance accounting
Kuosmanen, Natalia; Kuosmanen, Timo2013 in ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS (Elsevier Science B.V.)ISSN: 0921-8009What is the best practice for benchmark regulation of electricity distribution?Comparison of DEA, SFA and StoNED methods
Kuosmanen, Timo; Saastamoinen, Antti; Sipiläinen, Timo2013 in ENERGY POLICY (ELSEVIER SCI LTD)ISSN: 0301-4215Consistent aggregation of generalized sustainable values from the firm level to sectoral, regional or industry levels
Kuosmanen, Natalia; Kuosmanen, Timo; Sipiläinen, Timo2013 in SUSTAINABILITY (MDPI AG)One-stage and two-stage DEA estimation of the effects of contextual variables
Johnson, Andrew L.; Kuosmanen, Timo2012 in EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH (Elsevier Science B.V.)ISSN: 0377-2217Stochastic non-smooth envelopment of data: semi-parametric frontier estimation subject to shape constraints
Kuosmanen, Timo; Kortelainen, Mika2012 in Journal of Productivity Analysis (Springer Netherlands)ISSN: 0895-562XStochastic semi-nonparametric frontier estimation of electricity distribution networks: Application of the StoNED method in the Finnish regulatory model
Kuosmanen, Timo2012 in Energy economics (ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV)ISSN: 0140-9883A more efficient algorithm for Convex Nonparametric Least Squares
Lee, Chia-Yen; Johnson, Andrew L.; Moreno-Centeno, Erick; Kuosmanen, Timo2012 in EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH (Elsevier Science B.V.)ISSN: 0377-2217One-stage estimation of the effects of operational conditions and practices on productive performance: asymptotically normal and efficient, root-n consistent StoNEZD method
Johnson, Andrew L.; Kuosmanen, Timo2011 in Journal of Productivity Analysis (Springer Netherlands)ISSN: 0895-562X(In)efficient environmental policy with interacting pollutants
Kuosmanen, Timo; Laukkanen, Marita2011 in ENVIRONMENTAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS (Springer Netherlands)ISSN: 0924-6460Duality of weakly disposable technology
Kuosmanen, Timo; Matin, Reza Kazemi2011 in OMEGA: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE (Elsevier BV)ISSN: 0305-0483Modelling weak disposability in data envelopment analysis under relaxed convexity assumptions
Podinovski, Victor V.; Kuosmanen, Timo2011 in EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH (Elsevier Science B.V.)ISSN: 0377-2217Technical and economic efficiency measures under short run profit maximizing behavior
Cherchye, L.; Kuosmanen, T.; Leleu, H.2010 in RECHERCHES ECONOMIQUES DE LOUVAIN-LOUVAIN ECONOMIC REVIEW (Boeck Universite)ISSN: 0770-4518Data Envelopment Analysis as NonparametricLeast-Squares Regression
Kuosmanen, T.; Johnson, A.L.2010 in OPERATIONS RESEARCH (INFORMS Inst.for Operations Res.and the Management Sciences)ISSN: 0030-364XFirm and industry level profit efficiency analysis using absolute anduniform shadow prices
Kuosmanen, T.; Kortelainen, M.; Sipiläinen, T.; Cherchye, L.2010 in EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH (Elsevier Science B.V.)ISSN: 0377-2217Exact decomposition of the Fisher ideal total factor productivity index
Kuosmanen, T.; Sipiläinen, T.2009 in Journal of Productivity Analysis (Springer Netherlands)ISSN: 0895-562XTheory of integer-valued data envelopment analysis
Kuosmanen, Timo; Matin, Reza Kazemi2009 in EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH (Elsevier Science B.V.)ISSN: 0377-2217Environmental cost-benefit analysis of alternative timing strategies in greenhouse gas abatement: a data envelopment analysis approach
Kuosmanen, Timo; Bijsterbosch, Neil; Dellink, Rob2009 in ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS (Elsevier Science B.V.)ISSN: 0921-8009Weak disposability in nonparametric production analysis: reply to Färe and Grosskopf
Kuosmanen, Timo; Podinovski, Victor2009 in AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS (Oxford University Press)ISSN: 0002-9092Role of benchmark technology in sustainable value analysis: An application to Finnish dairy farms
Kuosmanen, T.; Kuosmanen, N.2009 in AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE (MTT Agrifood Research Finland)ISSN: 1459-6067What explains the widening gap between the retail and producer prices of food?
Kuosmanen, T.; Niemi, J.2009 in AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE (MTT Agrifood Research Finland)ISSN: 1459-6067Neoclassical versus frontier production models?Testing for the skewness of regression residuals
Kuosmanen, Timo; Fosgerau, Mogens2009 in SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS (Wiley-Blackwell)ISSN: 0347-0520Data envelopment analysis with missing data
Kuosmanen, T.2009 in JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY (Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.)ISSN: 0160-5682Theory of integer-valued data envelopment analysis under alternative returns to scale axioms
Matin, Reza Kazemi; Kuosmanen, Timo2009 in OMEGA: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE (Elsevier BV)ISSN: 0305-0483Representation theorem for convex nonparametric least squares
Kuosmanen, Timo2008 in ECONOMETRICS JOURNAL (Wiley-Blackwell)ISSN: 1368-4221Eco-efficiency analysis of consumer durables using absolute shadow prices
Kortelainen, Mika; Kuosmanen, Timo2007 in Journal of Productivity Analysis (Springer Netherlands)ISSN: 0895-562XNon-parametric tests of productive efficiency with errors-in-variables
Kuosmanen, Timo; Post, Thierry; Scholtes, Stefan2007 in JOURNAL OF ECONOMETRICS (Elsevier BV)ISSN: 0304-4076Performance measurement and best-practice benchmarking of mutual funds: combining stochastic dominance criteria with data envelopment analysis
Kuosmanen, Timo2007 in Journal of Productivity Analysis (Springer Netherlands)ISSN: 0895-562XValuing environmental factors in costbeneft analysis using data envelopment analysis
Kuosmanen, Timo; Kortelainen, Mika2007 in ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS (Elsevier Science B.V.)ISSN: 0921-8009FDH directional distance functions with an application to European commercial banks
Cherchye, L.; Kuosmanen, T.; Post, T.2001 in Journal of Productivity Analysis (Springer Netherlands)ISSN: 0895-562XAlternative Treatments of Congestion in DEA
Cherchye, L.; Kuosmanen, T.; Post, T.2001 in EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH (Elsevier Science B.V.)ISSN: 0377-2217Measuring economic efficiency with incomplete price information
Kuosmanen, T.; Post, T.2001 in EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH (Elsevier Science B.V.)ISSN: 0377-2217DEA with Efficiency Classification Preserving Conditional Convexity
Kuosmanen, T.2001 in EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH (Elsevier Science B.V.)ISSN: 0377-2217What is the economic meaning of FDH?A Reply to Thrall
Cherchye, L.; Kuosmanen, T.2000 in Journal of Productivity Analysis (Springer Netherlands)ISSN: 0895-562XBook section, Chapters in research booksAn introduction to CNLS and StoNED methods for efficiency analysis: Economic insights and computational aspects
Johnson, Andrew L.; Kuosmanen, Timo2015 ISBN: 978-81-322-2252-1Discrete and integer valued inputs and outputs in data envelopment analysis
Kuosmanen, Timo; Keshvari, Abolfazl; Kazemi Matin, Reza2015 ISBN: 978-1-4899-7552-2ISSN: 0884-8289Stochastic nonparametric approach to efficiency analysis: a unified framework
Kuosmanen, Timo; Johnson, Andrew; Saastamoinen, Antti2015 ISBN: 978-1-4899-7552-2ISSN: 0884-8289Advertising as a Signal of Quality in the Popular Music Industry
Kuosmanen, T.; Viitanen, J.1998 ISBN: 952-5253-04ISSN: 0785-4889Conference proceedingsModeling multiple outputs and joint production in stochastic semi-nonparametric envelopment of data
Kuosmanen, Timo; Johnson, Andrew2013 Intemporal sales efficiency analysis of a bank branch network: a stochastic nonparametric approach
Eskelinen, Juha; Kuosmanen, Timo2012 Estimation of efficient regression model using a multi-objective procedure
Sinha, A.; Kuosmanen, T.; Malo, P.2011 Non-refereed scientific articles
Unrefereed conference proceedingsWhat is the best practice for the yardstick regulation of electricity distribution?Comparison of DEA, SFA and StoNED methods
Kuosmanen, Timo; Saastamoinen, Antti; Sipiläinen, Timo2012 On the econometric estimation of the directional distance function
Johnson, Andrew; Kortelainen, Mika; Kuosmanen, Timo2011 Nonconvex nonparametric least squares regression and its application in frontier estimation
Keshvari, Abolfazl; Kuosmanen, Timo2011 Implementation of stochastic frontier models in regulation: Some lessons from the Finnish regulatory model of electricity distribution
Kuosmanen, Timo; Pakarinen, Sami2011 Stochastic axiomatic estimation of joint production: Does competition act the performance?
Kuosmanen, Timo; Johnson, Andrew2011 Cost efficiency analysis of electricity distribution networks: Application of the StoNED method in the Finnish regulatory model
Kuosmanen, Timo2011 The role of convexity assumptions in weakly disposable DEA technologies
Kuosmanen, Timo; Podinovski, Victor2011 Corruption as a source of heteroscedasticity in cross-country productivity comparisons
Saastamoinen, Antti; Kuosmanen, Timo2011 Publications intended for professional communities
Published development or research reportModeling cumulative effects of nutrient surpluses in agriculture: a dynamic approach to material balance accounting
Kuosmanen, Natalia; Kuosmanen, Timo2012 Testing for Productive Efficiency with Errors-In-Variables With an Application to the Dutch Electricity Sector
Kuosmanen, T.; Post, T.; Scholtes, S.2001 Non-Parametric Tests for Firm Effiency in Case of Errors-In-Variables
Kuosmanen, T.; Post, T.2001 Stochastic Dominance Efficiency Tests under Diversification
Kuosmanen, Timo2001 New Tools for Dealing with Errors-in-Variables in DEA
Cherchye, L.; Kuosmanen, T.2000 Why Convexity?An Assesment of Convexity Axioms in DEA
Laurens, C.; Kuosmanen, T.; Post, T.2000 Robust Efficiency Measurement
Kuosmanen, Timo; Post, Thierry1999 Measuring Economic Efficiency with Imcomplete Price Information
Kuosmanen, T.; Post, T.1999 Measuring Economic Efficiency with Incomplete Information
Kuosmanen, T.; Post, T.1999 Nonparametric Analysis under Uncertainty
Kuosmanen, Timo; Post, Thierry1999 Data Envelopment Analysis of Non-Convex Technology
Kuosmanen, Timo1999 Productive Efficiency in the Forest Industry
Kuosmanen, Timo1997 Audiovisual material, ICT software
ICT programs or applicationsmogavs Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm for Variable Selection in Regression
Pajala, Tommi; Malo, Pekka; Sinha, Ankur; Kuosmanen, Timo2015
Modeling joint production of multiple outputs in StoNED Directional distance function approach
Quality frontier of electricity distribution: Supply security, best practices, and underground cabling in Finland
A multiobjective exploratory procedure for regression model selection
Best-practice benchmarking using clustering methods: Application to energy regulation
Linear and nonlinear growth models for value-added assessment: an application to Spanish primary and secondary schools’ progress in reading comprehension
Is corruption grease, grit or a gamble?Corruption increases variance of productivity across countries
Intertemporal efficiency analysis of sales teams of a bank: Stochastic semi-nonparametric approach
Stochastic non-convex envelopment of data: Applying isotonic regression to frontier estimation
Modeling cumulative effects of nutrient surpluses in agricluture: a dynamic approach to material balance accounting
What is the best practice for benchmark regulation of electricity distribution?Comparison of DEA, SFA and StoNED methods
Consistent aggregation of generalized sustainable values from the firm level to sectoral, regional or industry levels
One-stage and two-stage DEA estimation of the effects of contextual variables
Stochastic non-smooth envelopment of data: semi-parametric frontier estimation subject to shape constraints
Stochastic semi-nonparametric frontier estimation of electricity distribution networks: Application of the StoNED method in the Finnish regulatory model
A more efficient algorithm for Convex Nonparametric Least Squares
One-stage estimation of the effects of operational conditions and practices on productive performance: asymptotically normal and efficient, root-n consistent StoNEZD method
(In)efficient environmental policy with interacting pollutants
Duality of weakly disposable technology
Modelling weak disposability in data envelopment analysis under relaxed convexity assumptions
Technical and economic efficiency measures under short run profit maximizing behavior
Data Envelopment Analysis as NonparametricLeast-Squares Regression
Firm and industry level profit efficiency analysis using absolute anduniform shadow prices
Exact decomposition of the Fisher ideal total factor productivity index
Theory of integer-valued data envelopment analysis
Environmental cost-benefit analysis of alternative timing strategies in greenhouse gas abatement: a data envelopment analysis approach
Weak disposability in nonparametric production analysis: reply to Färe and Grosskopf
Role of benchmark technology in sustainable value analysis: An application to Finnish dairy farms
What explains the widening gap between the retail and producer prices of food?
Neoclassical versus frontier production models?Testing for the skewness of regression residuals
Data envelopment analysis with missing data
Theory of integer-valued data envelopment analysis under alternative returns to scale axioms
Representation theorem for convex nonparametric least squares
Eco-efficiency analysis of consumer durables using absolute shadow prices
Non-parametric tests of productive efficiency with errors-in-variables
Performance measurement and best-practice benchmarking of mutual funds: combining stochastic dominance criteria with data envelopment analysis
Valuing environmental factors in costbeneft analysis using data envelopment analysis
FDH directional distance functions with an application to European commercial banks
Alternative Treatments of Congestion in DEA
Measuring economic efficiency with incomplete price information
DEA with Efficiency Classification Preserving Conditional Convexity
What is the economic meaning of FDH?A Reply to Thrall
An introduction to CNLS and StoNED methods for efficiency analysis: Economic insights and computational aspects
Discrete and integer valued inputs and outputs in data envelopment analysis
Stochastic nonparametric approach to efficiency analysis: a unified framework
Advertising as a Signal of Quality in the Popular Music Industry
Conference proceedingsModeling multiple outputs and joint production in stochastic semi-nonparametric envelopment of data
Kuosmanen, Timo; Johnson, Andrew2013 Intemporal sales efficiency analysis of a bank branch network: a stochastic nonparametric approach
Eskelinen, Juha; Kuosmanen, Timo2012 Estimation of efficient regression model using a multi-objective procedure
Sinha, A.; Kuosmanen, T.; Malo, P.2011 Non-refereed scientific articles
Unrefereed conference proceedingsWhat is the best practice for the yardstick regulation of electricity distribution?Comparison of DEA, SFA and StoNED methods
Kuosmanen, Timo; Saastamoinen, Antti; Sipiläinen, Timo2012 On the econometric estimation of the directional distance function
Johnson, Andrew; Kortelainen, Mika; Kuosmanen, Timo2011 Nonconvex nonparametric least squares regression and its application in frontier estimation
Keshvari, Abolfazl; Kuosmanen, Timo2011 Implementation of stochastic frontier models in regulation: Some lessons from the Finnish regulatory model of electricity distribution
Kuosmanen, Timo; Pakarinen, Sami2011 Stochastic axiomatic estimation of joint production: Does competition act the performance?
Kuosmanen, Timo; Johnson, Andrew2011 Cost efficiency analysis of electricity distribution networks: Application of the StoNED method in the Finnish regulatory model
Kuosmanen, Timo2011 The role of convexity assumptions in weakly disposable DEA technologies
Kuosmanen, Timo; Podinovski, Victor2011 Corruption as a source of heteroscedasticity in cross-country productivity comparisons
Saastamoinen, Antti; Kuosmanen, Timo2011 Publications intended for professional communities
Published development or research reportModeling cumulative effects of nutrient surpluses in agriculture: a dynamic approach to material balance accounting
Kuosmanen, Natalia; Kuosmanen, Timo2012 Testing for Productive Efficiency with Errors-In-Variables With an Application to the Dutch Electricity Sector
Kuosmanen, T.; Post, T.; Scholtes, S.2001 Non-Parametric Tests for Firm Effiency in Case of Errors-In-Variables
Kuosmanen, T.; Post, T.2001 Stochastic Dominance Efficiency Tests under Diversification
Kuosmanen, Timo2001 New Tools for Dealing with Errors-in-Variables in DEA
Cherchye, L.; Kuosmanen, T.2000 Why Convexity?An Assesment of Convexity Axioms in DEA
Laurens, C.; Kuosmanen, T.; Post, T.2000 Robust Efficiency Measurement
Kuosmanen, Timo; Post, Thierry1999 Measuring Economic Efficiency with Imcomplete Price Information
Kuosmanen, T.; Post, T.1999 Measuring Economic Efficiency with Incomplete Information
Kuosmanen, T.; Post, T.1999 Nonparametric Analysis under Uncertainty
Kuosmanen, Timo; Post, Thierry1999 Data Envelopment Analysis of Non-Convex Technology
Kuosmanen, Timo1999 Productive Efficiency in the Forest Industry
Kuosmanen, Timo1997 Audiovisual material, ICT software
ICT programs or applicationsmogavs Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm for Variable Selection in Regression
Pajala, Tommi; Malo, Pekka; Sinha, Ankur; Kuosmanen, Timo2015
Modeling multiple outputs and joint production in stochastic semi-nonparametric envelopment of data
Intemporal sales efficiency analysis of a bank branch network: a stochastic nonparametric approach
Estimation of efficient regression model using a multi-objective procedure
What is the best practice for the yardstick regulation of electricity distribution?Comparison of DEA, SFA and StoNED methods
On the econometric estimation of the directional distance function
Nonconvex nonparametric least squares regression and its application in frontier estimation
Implementation of stochastic frontier models in regulation: Some lessons from the Finnish regulatory model of electricity distribution
Stochastic axiomatic estimation of joint production: Does competition act the performance?
Cost efficiency analysis of electricity distribution networks: Application of the StoNED method in the Finnish regulatory model
The role of convexity assumptions in weakly disposable DEA technologies
Corruption as a source of heteroscedasticity in cross-country productivity comparisons
Publications intended for professional communities
Published development or research reportModeling cumulative effects of nutrient surpluses in agriculture: a dynamic approach to material balance accounting
Kuosmanen, Natalia; Kuosmanen, Timo2012 Testing for Productive Efficiency with Errors-In-Variables With an Application to the Dutch Electricity Sector
Kuosmanen, T.; Post, T.; Scholtes, S.2001 Non-Parametric Tests for Firm Effiency in Case of Errors-In-Variables
Kuosmanen, T.; Post, T.2001 Stochastic Dominance Efficiency Tests under Diversification
Kuosmanen, Timo2001 New Tools for Dealing with Errors-in-Variables in DEA
Cherchye, L.; Kuosmanen, T.2000 Why Convexity?An Assesment of Convexity Axioms in DEA
Laurens, C.; Kuosmanen, T.; Post, T.2000 Robust Efficiency Measurement
Kuosmanen, Timo; Post, Thierry1999 Measuring Economic Efficiency with Imcomplete Price Information
Kuosmanen, T.; Post, T.1999 Measuring Economic Efficiency with Incomplete Information
Kuosmanen, T.; Post, T.1999 Nonparametric Analysis under Uncertainty
Kuosmanen, Timo; Post, Thierry1999 Data Envelopment Analysis of Non-Convex Technology
Kuosmanen, Timo1999 Productive Efficiency in the Forest Industry
Kuosmanen, Timo1997 Audiovisual material, ICT software
ICT programs or applicationsmogavs Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm for Variable Selection in Regression
Pajala, Tommi; Malo, Pekka; Sinha, Ankur; Kuosmanen, Timo2015
Modeling cumulative effects of nutrient surpluses in agriculture: a dynamic approach to material balance accounting
Testing for Productive Efficiency with Errors-In-Variables With an Application to the Dutch Electricity Sector
Non-Parametric Tests for Firm Effiency in Case of Errors-In-Variables
Stochastic Dominance Efficiency Tests under Diversification
New Tools for Dealing with Errors-in-Variables in DEA
Why Convexity?An Assesment of Convexity Axioms in DEA
Robust Efficiency Measurement
Measuring Economic Efficiency with Imcomplete Price Information
Measuring Economic Efficiency with Incomplete Information
Nonparametric Analysis under Uncertainty
Data Envelopment Analysis of Non-Convex Technology
Productive Efficiency in the Forest Industry
mogavs Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm for Variable Selection in Regression
</div>
Read about executive education
Other experts
Fred Stolle
Background and Education Fred Stolle is program manager for WRI''s Forest Landscape Objective, working on forest governance, forest changes, and their impacts on climate change, and biofuels issues in Southeast Asia, especially Indonesia. He started as a Geographical Information System (GIS) an...
Esther Jimenez
Areas of Interest Motivation Competency development Work and family balance Female leadership Graduated from Law and Labor Sciences, and MBA from Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. In 1995 she completed a PDD at IESE. She has spent most of her career working in Educational institutions, and she ...
Peg Pennington
Peg Pennington is the executive director of the Center for Operational Excellence at Ohio State University. She works closely with companies, managing and coordinating problemsolving consultations, site visits, and bestpractice knowledge sharing. Peg is also the academic director of the Academy f...
Looking for an expert?
Contact us and we'll find the best option for you.